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earth and water
In the writings of the Ancient Greek chronicler Herodotus, the phrase ''earth and water'' ( ''ge kai hydor'') is used to represent the demand of the Persians from the cities or people who surrendered to them.
==Usage in Herodotus' histories==
In Book 4, Herodotus mentions for the first time the term ''earth and water'' in the answer of king Idanthyrsus of the Scythians to king Darius. In Book 5, it is reported that Darius sent heralds demanding ''earth and water'' from king Amyntas I of Macedon, which he accepted.〔Joseph Roisman,Ian Worthington. ("A companion to Ancient Macedonia" ) John Wiley & Sons, 2011. ISBN 144435163X pp 343-345〕 In the 6th book, Darius sent heralds throughout Hellas bidding them demand ''earth and water'' for the king.
In Book 7, he recounts that when the Persians sent envoys to the Spartans demanding the traditional symbol of surrender, an offering of soil and water, the Spartans threw them into a deep well, suggesting that upon their arrival at the bottom, they could "Dig it out for yourselves."〔Herodotus The Histories, Book Seven, section 133.〕
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